Cobalt(II) Tetrasulfophthalocyanine Complex Adsorbed on a Silica Gel Surface Chemically Modified with 3-N-Propylpyridinium Chloride: Oxalic Acid Oxidation Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 1280-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson S. Ribeiro ◽  
Yoshitaka Gushikem
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Study ◽  
Chemically Modified

scholarly journals An Oxidation Study of Phthalimide-Derived Hydroxylactams

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Bernard L. Adjei ◽  
Frederick A. Luzzio
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Pyridinium Chlorochromate ◽  
Oxidation Study ◽  
Full Conversion ◽  
Oxidation System

A systematic study of the oxidation of 3-hydroxy-2-substituted isoindolin-1-ones (hydroxylactams) and their conversion to the corresponding phthalimides was undertaken using three oxidants. Of special interest was the introduction of nickel peroxide (NiO2) as an oxidation system for hydroxylactams and comparison of its performance with the commonly used pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) and iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) reagents. Using a range of hydroxylactams, optimal conversions of these substrates to the corresponding imides was achieved with 50 equivalents of freshly prepared NiO2 in refluxing toluene over 5–32 h reaction times. By comparison, oxidations of the same substrates using PCC/silica gel (three equivalents) and IBX (three equivalents) required oxidation times of 1–3 h for full conversion but required lengthier purification. While nominal amounts (~25 mg) of substrate hydroxylactams were used to ascertain conversion, scale-up procedures using all three methods gave good to excellent isolated yields of imides.

Making Oxalic Acid From Palm Oil Pelepah (Elaeis Guineensis) Through Nitric Acid Oxidation Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ihwan Rahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitric Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Acid Yield

Palm oil palm is one of the solid waste produced by oil palm plantations every harvest. Chemical analysis of palm oil palm oil pellets showed that there are components of cellulose, hemiscellulose, and lignin that show that palm oil pellets have the opportunity to be further processed into useful and economically valuable products. Palm waste contains cellulose by 34.89%, hemiscellulose by 27.14%, and lignin by 19.87%. The analysis conducted on raw materials includes the analysis of water content and cellulose levels of palm oil palm oil. 46.6% and cellulose levels of 29.2%. In this study quantitative analysis was conducted in the form of cellulose conversion and oxalic acid yield. The largest cellulose conversion was obtained at the use of 70% nitric acid concentration and 80 minutes reaction time of 58.56%.

Preparation and Characterization of PMAA/SiO2 Composite Particle Via Emulsion Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Hong Zhang ◽  
Jun Juan Du ◽  
Hui Xiao ◽  
Yan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Graft Polymerization ◽  
Polymer Layer ◽  
Grafted Polymer ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Silica Gel Particles

Silica gel particle was chemically modified by using 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH-570) as coupling agent. Then poly methyl acrylic acid (PMAA) was grafted on the surface of particles MPS-SiO2 with the method of Emulsion Polymerization, and grafting particles PMMA/SiO2 were prepared. The grafting particle PMAA/SiO2 was characterized by using FT-IR, TG and SEM. The experimental results show that the graft polymerization of methyl acrylic acid (MAA) on onto the surface of silica gel particles can successfully realized using the method of “graft from”. During the graft polymerization, the grafted polymer layer is a hindrance to the subsequent graft polymerization. When the grafted polymer layer reach to a certain density via overlapping and entwisting, a kinetic barrier will be built up. Hence, the grafting degree of the polymer under a certain condition has a limiting value.

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